Q1. With reference to precision medicine, gene editing and the One Health approach, consider the following statements:

1. Precision medicine can incorporate genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors while determining disease prevention or treatment strategies.
2. CRISPR-Cas systems enable targeted modification of genetic material and are therefore relevant to precision editing.
3. The One Health approach considers human health independently of animal health because environmental factors are addressed separately.
4. Biotechnology-based approaches can simultaneously contribute to healthcare, agriculture and environmental sustainability.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:
 Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. Precision medicine integrates individual-level biological and contextual factors, while CRISPR-Cas is a major gene-editing technology. Biotechnology has cross-sectoral applications. Statement 3 is incorrect because One Health explicitly recognises the interconnectedness of human, animal and ecosystem health.